README

PHP Types is a small library/framework aimed to improve and encourage strong typing across your project's codebase, consisting of basic array-types, useful data structures and more, that are not natively available by the language itself.

Table of contents 📖

1. Requirements
2. Installation
3. Usage

• 3.1 Primitive types
• • 3.1.1 Extending PHP primitive types
• • 3.1.2 ObjectType
• 3.2 Primitive arrays
• • 3.2.2 BoolArray
• • 3.2.3 IntArray
• • 3.2.4 FloatArray
• • 3.2.5 StringArray
• • 3.2.6 ObjectArray
• • 3.2.7 Extra primitives arrays
• 3.3 Standard types
• • 3.3.1 Standard Ints
• • 3.3.2 size_t
• • 3.3.3 Standard Ints Arrays
• 3.4 Data structures
• • 3.4.1 HashSet
• • 3.4.2 IntHashSet
• • 3.4.3 StringHashSet
• 3.5 Type errors
• 3.6 hasAny() and isEmpty() methods
• 3.7 The splice method
• 3.8 The length property
• 3.9 Defining custom types
• • 3.9.1 Defining custom arrays
• • 3.9.2 typedef()

Requirements

1. PHP 8.3.0 or major
2. Composer (optional)
3. Have an initted Composer project (optional)

Installation

Install PHP Types via Composer:

composer require edgaralexanderfr/php-types

or:

You can always download the library as .zip file, decompress it, store it somewhere in your target project and include the autoload.php file from the library's project root:

curl -L -o php-types-master.zip https://github.com/edgaralexanderfr/php-types/archive/refs/heads/master.zip \
&& unzip php-types-master.zip \
&& rm php-types-master.zip

or:

You can download the packed .phar version of the library:

mkdir lib \
&& curl -L -o lib/php-types.phar https://github.com/edgaralexanderfr/php-types/raw/master/lib/php-types.phar

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

include 'lib/php-types.phar';

use function PHPTypes\Primitive\string_array;

$message = string_array('Hello', 'world', '!');
print_r($message);

Usage

Primitive types

Extending PHP primitive types

PHP Types adds some cool extra types that you can play around with:

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

include 'vendor/autoload.php';

use function PHPTypes\Primitive\byte;
use function PHPTypes\Primitive\char;
use function PHPTypes\Primitive\uchar;

/** @var byte (Extends from `uint8_t`). */
$byte = byte(255);

/** @var char */
$char = char('c');

/** @var uchar */
$uchar = uchar('A');

/** @var char */
$string = char('Hello!'); // Since `char` can only store a single char, `$string` will be '!' and a PHP Warning will be notified.

echo $byte . PHP_EOL;
echo $char . PHP_EOL;
echo $uchar . PHP_EOL;
echo $string . PHP_EOL;

php examples/primitives.php
PHP Warning:  Character constant too long for its type

Warning: Character constant too long for its type
255
c
A
!

ObjectType

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

include 'vendor/autoload.php';

use PHPTypes\Primitive\object_t;

use function PHPTypes\Primitive\object_t;

function display(object_t $object): void
{
    echo "{$object->name}:" . PHP_EOL;
    echo $object->json() . PHP_EOL;
}

$object = object_t([
    "name" => "Ford Mustang GT",
    "brand" => "Ford",
    "category" => "Muscle Car",
    "gas" => 0.8,
    "engine" => object_t([
        "type" => "V8",
        "rpm" => 750,
    ]),
    "transmission" => object_t([
        "type" => "manual",
        "gear" => 1,
        "gears" => ["R", "N", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6"],
    ]),
]);

display($object);

php examples/object.php
Ford Mustang GT:
{"name":"Ford Mustang GT","brand":"Ford","category":"Muscle Car","gas":0.8,"engine":{"type":"V8","rpm":750},"transmission":{"type":"manual","gear":1,"gears":["R","N","1","2","3","4","5","6"]}}

Primitive arrays

BoolArray

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

include 'vendor/autoload.php';

use PHPTypes\Primitive\bool_array;

use function PHPTypes\Primitive\bool_array;

function display(bool_array $array): void
{
    foreach ($array as $value) {
        echo $value . PHP_EOL;
    }
}

$array = bool_array(false, true, false);
display($array);

php examples/bool_array.php

1

IntArray

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

include 'vendor/autoload.php';

use PHPTypes\Primitive\int_array;

use function PHPTypes\Primitive\int_array;

function display(int_array $array): void
{
    foreach ($array as $value) {
        echo $value . PHP_EOL;
    }
}

$array = int_array(1, 2, 3);
display($array);

php examples/int_array.php
1
2
3

FloatArray

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

include 'vendor/autoload.php';

use PHPTypes\Primitive\float_array;

use function PHPTypes\Primitive\float_array;

function display(float_array $array): void
{
    foreach ($array as $value) {
        echo $value . PHP_EOL;
    }
}

$array = float_array(0.1, 2.3, 4.5);
display($array);

php examples/float_array.php
0.1
2.3
4.5

StringArray

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

include 'vendor/autoload.php';

use PHPTypes\Primitive\string_array;

use function PHPTypes\Primitive\string_array;

function display(string_array $array): void
{
    foreach ($array as $value) {
        echo $value . PHP_EOL;
    }
}

$array = string_array('🍎', '🍊', '🍌');
display($array);

php examples/string_array.php
🍎
🍊
🍌

ObjectArray

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

include 'vendor/autoload.php';

use PHPTypes\Primitive\object_array_t;

use function PHPTypes\Primitive\object_t;
use function PHPTypes\Primitive\object_array_t;

function display(object_array_t $array): void
{
    foreach ($array as $value) {
        print_r($value);
    }
}

$array = object_array_t(
    object_t([
        'id' => 1,
        'name' => 'Charles Babbage',
    ]),
    object_t([
        'id' => 2,
        'name' => 'Alan Turing',
    ]),
    object_t([
        'id' => 3,
        'name' => 'Edsger Dijkstra',
    ]),
);

display($array);

php examples/object_array.php
PHPTypes\Primitive\object_t Object
(
    [id] => 1
    [name] => Charles Babbage
)
PHPTypes\Primitive\object_t Object
(
    [id] => 2
    [name] => Alan Turing
)
PHPTypes\Primitive\object_t Object
(
    [id] => 3
    [name] => Edsger Dijkstra
)

Extra primitives arrays

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

include 'vendor/autoload.php';

use function PHPTypes\Primitive\byte_array;
use function PHPTypes\Primitive\char_array;
use function PHPTypes\Primitive\uchar_array;

$byte_array = byte_array(0, 255, 0, 255);

$char_array = char_array('H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', '!');

$uchar_array = uchar_array('a', 'b', 'c');

var_dump($byte_array);

// Notice how we can print out `char_array`s just like usual strings:
echo $char_array . PHP_EOL;
echo $uchar_array . PHP_EOL;

php examples/primitives_arrays.php
object(PHPTypes\Primitive\byte_array)#2 (2) {
  ["object":protected]=>
  array(1) {
    ["PHPTypes\Primitive\byte"]=>
    string(23) "PHPTypes\Primitive\byte"
  }
  ["storage":"ArrayIterator":private]=>
  array(4) {
    [0]=>
    object(PHPTypes\Primitive\byte)#6 (1) {
      ["val":protected]=>
      int(0)
    }
    [1]=>
    object(PHPTypes\Primitive\byte)#7 (1) {
      ["val":protected]=>
      int(255)
    }
    [2]=>
    object(PHPTypes\Primitive\byte)#8 (1) {
      ["val":protected]=>
      int(0)
    }
    [3]=>
    object(PHPTypes\Primitive\byte)#9 (1) {
      ["val":protected]=>
      int(255)
    }
  }
}
Hello!
abc

Standard types

Standard Ints

Similarly to C, you can make use of the standard types (as you would by including the <stdint.h> standard library) to specify and maintain integer values in certain ranges:

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

include 'vendor/autoload.php';

use function PHPTypes\Std\int16_t;
use function PHPTypes\Std\int8_t;
use function PHPTypes\Std\uint16_t;
use function PHPTypes\Std\uint8_t;

/** @var int8_t [-128...127] */
$int8_t = int8_t(0);

/** @var uint8_t [0...255] */
$uint8_t = uint8_t(0);

/** @var int16_t [-32768...32767] */
$int16_t = int16_t(0);

/** @var uint16_t [0...65535] */
$uint16_t = uint16_t(0);

// Assigning/accessing values:
$int8_t->value = 256;
$uint8_t->value = -128;
$int16_t->value = 1024;
$uint16_t->value = 2048;

// Displaying new values
// (Notice how the first 2 variables overflow):
echo $int8_t . PHP_EOL;
echo $uint8_t . PHP_EOL;
echo $int16_t . PHP_EOL;
echo $uint16_t . PHP_EOL;

php examples/stdint.php
0
128
1024
2048

Note: keep in mind that these are only representative values and not actual low-level values where we're not saving space by storing specific bytes per integer.

size_t

We can also make use of the size_t data type to store large numbers based on sizes, lengths, etc:

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

include 'vendor/autoload.php';

use function PHPTypes\Std\size_t;

/** @var size_t [0...PHP_INT_MAX] */
$size_t = size_t(0);
$size_t->value--;
echo $size_t->value . PHP_EOL;

php examples/size_t.php
9223372036854775806

Standard Ints Arrays

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

include 'vendor/autoload.php';

use PHPTypes\Std\Int16Array;
use PHPTypes\Std\Int8Array;
use PHPTypes\Std\UInt16Array;
use PHPTypes\Std\UInt8Array;

use function PHPTypes\Std\int16_array;
use function PHPTypes\Std\int8_array;
use function PHPTypes\Std\size_array;
use function PHPTypes\Std\uint16_array;
use function PHPTypes\Std\uint8_array;

/** @var int8_array */
$int8_array = int8_array(-3, -2, -1);

/** @var uint8_array */
$uint8_array = uint8_array(0, 1, 2);

/** @var int16_array */
$int16_array = int16_array(3, 4, 5);

/** @var uint16_array */
$uint16_array = uint16_array(6, 7, 8);

/** @var size_array */
$size_array = size_array(9, 10, 11);

// or:

/** @var Int8Array */
$int8_array = new Int8Array(-3, -2, -1);

/** @var UInt8Array */
$uint8_array = new UInt8Array(0, 1, 2);

/** @var Int16Array */
$int16_array = new Int16Array(3, 4, 5);

/** @var UInt16Array */
$uint16_array = new UInt16Array(6, 7, 8);

Data structures

HashSet

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

include 'vendor/autoload.php';

use PHPTypes\Set\HashSet;

$set = new HashSet();
$set->add(1);
$set->add('two');
$set->add(3);
$set->add(3);
$set->add('two');
$set->add('one');

foreach ($set as $value) {
    echo $value . PHP_EOL;
}

php examples/hash_set.php
1
two
3
one

IntHashSet

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

include 'vendor/autoload.php';

use PHPTypes\Set\IntHashSet;

$set = new IntHashSet();
$set->add(1);
$set->add(2);
$set->add(3);
$set->add(3);
$set->add(2);
$set->add(1);
$set->add(0);

foreach ($set as $value) {
    echo $value . PHP_EOL;
}

php examples/int_hash_set.php
1
2
3
0

StringHashSet

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

include 'vendor/autoload.php';

use PHPTypes\Set\StringHashSet;

$set = new StringHashSet();
$set->add('🍎');
$set->add('🍊');
$set->add('🍌');
$set->add('🍌');
$set->add('🥭');

foreach ($set as $value) {
    echo $value . PHP_EOL;
}

php examples/string_hash_set.php
🍎
🍊
🍌
🥭

Type errors

In case you attempt to assign a value with a type different than an array's type, a TypeError is thrown:

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

include 'vendor/autoload.php';

use function PHPTypes\Primitive\int_array;

$array = int_array(1, 2, 3);

try {
    $array[2] = '🥭';
} catch (TypeError $e) {
    echo $e->getMessage() . PHP_EOL;
}

try {
    $array[] = '🥭';
} catch (TypeError $e) {
    echo $e->getMessage() . PHP_EOL;
}

$array[] = 4;

print_r($array);

php examples/type_error.php
Element must be of type integer, string given, called
Element must be of type integer, string given, called
PHPTypes\Primitive\int_array Object
(
    [type:protected] => integer
    [storage:ArrayIterator:private] => Array
        (
            [0] => 1
            [1] => 2
            [2] => 3
            [3] => 4
        )

)

hasAny() and isEmpty() methods

Arrays contain useful methods that help to determine whether if they're empty or contain at least 1 element in them:

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

include 'vendor/autoload.php';

use function PHPTypes\Primitive\object_array;
use function PHPTypes\Primitive\string_array;

$fruits = string_array('🥭');

if ($fruits->hasAny()) {
    echo '`$fruits` contains at least 1 element.' . PHP_EOL;
}

$objects = object_array();

if ($objects->isEmpty()) {
    echo '`$objects` is an empty array.' . PHP_EOL;
}

php examples/has_any_is_empty.php
`$fruits` contains at least 1 element.
`$objects` is an empty array.

The splice method

You can make use of the splice method from arrays the same way you'd use the array_splice function with normal arrays:

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

include 'vendor/autoload.php';

use function PHPTypes\Primitive\string_array;

$fruits = string_array('🍎', '🍊', '🥭', '🍌');
[$without_mango, $mango] = $fruits->splice(2, 1);

print_r($without_mango);
print_r($mango);

php examples/splice.php
PHPTypes\Primitive\string_array Object
(
    [type:protected] => string
    [storage:ArrayIterator:private] => Array
        (
            [0] => 🍎
            [1] => 🍊
            [2] => 🍌
        )

)
PHPTypes\Primitive\string_array Object
(
    [type:protected] => string
    [storage:ArrayIterator:private] => Array
        (
            [0] => 🥭
        )

)

The splice method returns a multiple, consisting of the resultant array along with the extracted elements respectively.

The length property

Similarly to JavaScript/JS, you can make use of the length property to retrieve the count of total elements from a specific array:

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

include 'vendor/autoload.php';

use PHPTypes\Std\UInt8Array;

$bytes = new UInt8Array(0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128);

echo $bytes->length . PHP_EOL;

php examples/length.php
9

Defining custom types

Defining custom arrays

To define custom arrays, you can create a new class that extends PHPTypes\ArrayObject and implements a typed constructor for such purpose, e.g:

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

include 'vendor/autoload.php';

use PHPTypes\ArrayObject;

class User
{
    public function __construct(
        public readonly int $id,
        public readonly string $name,
    ) {}
}

class UserArray extends ArrayObject
{
    public function __construct(User ...$values)
    {
        parent::__construct($values);
    }
}

$users = new UserArray(
    new User(1, 'John'),
    new User(2, 'Doe'),
);

foreach ($users as $user) {
    echo "{$user->id} => {$user->name}" . PHP_EOL;
}

php examples/typedef_1.php
1 => John
2 => Doe

typedef()

It is very common that we may need to define multiple arrays for multiple classes from our project/app, to do so, we can simplify the previous example with the usage of the typedef function, just like this:

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

include 'vendor/autoload.php';

use PHPTypes\ArrayObject; // Notice the usage of `ArrayObject`

use function PHPTypes\typedef;

class User
{
    public function __construct(
        public readonly int $id,
        public readonly string $name,
    ) {}
}

typedef('array', 'User', 'UserArray');

/**
 * @disregard
 * @var ArrayObject|User[]
 */
$users = new UserArray(
    new User(1, 'John'),
    new User(2, 'Doe'),
);

foreach ($users as $user) {
    echo "{$user->id} => {$user->name}" . PHP_EOL;
}

php examples/typedef_2.php
1 => John
2 => Doe

Notice the usage of the @disregard and @var phpDoc tags to preserve the array treatment per User and recognize the acccess to all its properties and methods by our preferred text editor. We also conjunct the @var type definition with the ArrayObject type to recognize access to methods such as count, hasAny, isEmpty, splice, etc.

In case our User class resides inside a specific namespace, we can specify the full path to the namespace when calling typedef to define the new array inside the same namespace:

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

namespace App;

include 'vendor/autoload.php';

use PHPTypes\ArrayObject; // Notice the usage of `ArrayObject`

use function PHPTypes\typedef;

class User
{
    public function __construct(
        public readonly int $id,
        public readonly string $name,
    ) {}
}

typedef('array', 'App\User', 'UserArray');

/**
 * @disregard
 * @var ArrayObject|User[]
 */
$users = new \App\UserArray(
    new \App\User(1, 'John'),
    new \App\User(2, 'Doe'),
);

foreach ($users as $user) {
    echo "{$user->id} => {$user->name}" . PHP_EOL;
}

php examples/typedef_3.php
1 => John
2 => Doe

It is also recommended and a good practice to define custom types in a separate and dedicated file that can be accessed across our app, such as types.php